How to select columns that contains partially a string in SQLITE

I need to search for rows in a table and I need to select the values that starts partially with a provided value. I known how search for a pattern but I have the pattern in the table, not in the value, and I don't know if its' possible.

Example:

If in my table I have the values 234, 1567, 31, 3145 and the provided value is 23434 I need to select 234, if the provided value is 95214 I need to return a empty select and, finally if the provided value is 314, I need to return 3145. If this possible? How? Thanks