SQL, NoSql, MySql, SQL Server and SQLite.... What is the difference? [on hold]

I have no idea on how to begin learning to Code Data Bases and Googling for "Data Bases" ended up with those SQLs, i just want to understand the difference among them so that i can know where to begin, I have a good Knowldege in C# so you can use it for an analogy, for example i know that C# is the programming language, .NET is the FrameWrok and Visual Studio is the IDE. so can anyone tell me (from which mentioned in the title) which is the Programming language , the FrameWork and the IDE to Code Date Bases ?? any advice or recommendation on how to begin learning Data Bases ?

another Question Please... i want to make an app that is pretty much like a social app so that users can share some stuff, also every user should have his own private stuff so i will need a Data Base for the shared stuff that can be accessible from any user via my app and another Data Base that is stored Locally in the user device. which SQL thing should i use to make these two data bases .. the app is a Windows Universal app written in C#...

Thanks for your time...